It measures conditions on those lines like power flows, voltage and some more exotic characteristics of electricity. How synchrophasors are bringing the grid into the 21st. Due to its enhanced situational awareness capabilities, many. Threat analysis of blackenergy malware for synchrophasor based realtime control and monitoring in smart grid khan maynard mclaughlin laverty sezer based on the capabilities and success stories of blackenergy, it is also a major threat for synchrophasor applications. In contrast, the synchrophasor network monitoring approach collects a wide set of compatible grid condition data from many locations, for a broad and evolving set of uses. Although the concept of smart meters providing information about the grid has been present for years, quality of measurements and reporting rates of these devices have proven to be inadequate for maximizing utilization of transmission assets, as well as foreseeing blackouts and brownouts. Implementation and performance of synchrophasor function within microprocessor based relays 37 another issue is the required resolution of the internal oscillator. Pmus and synchrophasor data flows in north america march 2014 pdf. Synchrophasor measurements can be used to indicate grid stress, and can be used to trigger corrective actions to maintain reliability.
The scope of this tss is limited to the testing of pmu electrical performance. Hamed mohsenianrad communications and control in smart grid texas tech university 8 according to the u. Starting at 2010, the smart grid investment grants sgig projects helped in installing over 850 new pmus and 10 new synchrophasor data hubs in the north american grid through 20 naspi, 2012. Smart grid is referred to by other names including smart electric grid, smart power grid, intelligrid, and future grid 1. Available at 7 the report, real time application of synchrophasors for improving reliability, north american. Synchronized phasors synchrophasors provide a realtime measurement of electrical quantities across the power system. To protect synchrophasor based systems, stealthy cyberattacks and effective defense mechanisms still need to be investigated.
Model based intrusion detection system for synchrophasor applications in smart grid. Stream computing based synchrophasor application for power grids. Oct 26, 2018 synchrophasors are timesynchronized electrical measurements that represent both the magnitude and phase angle of the electrical sinusoids. Smart grid topic 2 smart grid we engineer excellence. Ieee transactions on smart grid 1 predicting critical.
A smart grid is an evolved grid system that manages electricity demand in a sustainable, reliable and economic manner, built on advanced infrastructure and tuned to facilitate the integration of. With the 2009 funding of synchrophasor projects under the american reinvestment and recovery act, the north american electric industry added over 800 new phasor measurement units and numerous synchrophasor. Synchrophasor devices provide synchronized measurements at high rates for enhanced wide area situational awareness and decision support using new applications. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the terms of use. Mar 06, 2012 synchrophasors may sound like something out of a scifi movie, but they play an increasingly significant role in helping the power grid run efficiently. Monitoring andanalysis of these synchrophasor data letobservers identify changes in grid conditions, including the amount and nature of stress on the system, to better maintain and protect grid reliability. This video highlights open, scalable, and highperformance solution required by utilities to manage real time synchrophasor data. Synchrophasors are precise grid measurements available from monitors called phasor measurement units pmus. Pdf phasor measurement units in the indian smart grid. Accurate, granular grid condition monitoring and widearea visualization are essential requirements for effective situational awareness. Map of pmu installation as in 2012 is shown in fig.
Synchrophasors or phasor measurement units, pmus on the other hand, provide a much better insight into the state of the smart grid and in turn help optimize. Traditional electric monitoring systems used dedicated sensors to monitor specific grid conditions at specific locations for specific applications or uses. Synchrophasor technology is used for realtime operations and offline engineering analyses to improve grid reliability and efficiency and lower operating costs. The adoption of synchrophasor technology with ongoing smart grid activities has resulted in a transformation of the power system monitoring and control. Towards accelerating synchrophasor based linear state estimation of power grid systems. These values get a high precision time stamp and together with the values of power frequency, power frequency change rate and optional binary data that are also time stamped are transmitted to a central analysis station. Assuming 60 synchrophasors are produced per second, the synchrophasor interrupts are to be generated every 1,666. The development of phasor measurement units pmus and the resulting possibility of real time measurements has enabled different power system applications to enhance the stability, state estimation, load estimation, power network. A phasor measurement unit pmu is a device used to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of an electrical phasor quantity such as voltage or current in the electricity grid using a common time source for synchronization.
The iec, international electrotechnical commission, is the worlds leading organization that prepares and. The adoption of synchrophasor technology with ongoing smart grid activities has resulted in a transformation of the power system monitoring and control practices. As of this revision of the tss, the standard for pmu performance is iecieee joint standard 6025511812018, ieeeiec international standardmeasuring relays and protection equipmentpart 1181. Synchrophasor applications for the smart electric grid.
Ieee synchrophasor measurement test suite specification. Synchrophasors and the smarter grid ieee pes boston chapter. The smart grid technologies innovation pathway study investigates the motivating and influencing factors that have allowed for the commercialization of smart grid technologies within the us. The developments in the area of smart grid technology around the world. Life cycle management the synchrophasor infrastructure is a mission critical system introduced to improve monitoring, control and protection performance of the power grid and is expected to operate.
For the smart grid, a synchrophasor the new york times. Basically a solidstate relay or digital fault recorder with gps clock. Proposed scheme is evaluated on benchmark 3 machines 9 bus test system and ieee 14 bus test system. Webb professor and site director of power engineering research.
The first applications for smart grid synchrophasor data were modeling and analysis. This gives operators a nearrealtime picture of what is happening on the system, and allows them to make decisions to prevent power outages. Integrating synchrophasor technology into power system. Naspi was established in 2007 to advance the understanding and use of synchrophasor technology, and is a forum for recovery act smart grid investment recipients to share information and lessons learned, solve problems, develop technical standards, and further the development of synchrophasor technology. With this measurement we can determine the absolute phase relationship. A collaborative educational program on synchrophasor. As utilities have become more comfortable with the technology, applications have expanded to fulfill the promise of realtime control and protection. Model based intrusion detection system for synchrophasor. Synchrophasor data measurements are envisioned to be a key enabler for realtime power grid situational awareness and control. These programs are deploying smart grid technologies, tools, and techniques for electric transmission, distribution, advanced metering, and customer systems. Their expansion into mediumtolowvoltage distribution systems, in the presence of renewable resources such as photovoltaic. Firstever conference looks at synchrophasor testing for. Synchrophasor devices guarantee situation awareness for realtime monitoring and operational visibility of the smart grid. The naspi community is working to advance the deployment and use of networked phasor measurement devices, phasor datasharing, applications development and use, and research and analysis.
Section 4 presents the conclusions, and references follow. Recovery act smart grid investments synchrophasor project status, june 30, 2014 synchrophasor technologies and their deployment in the recovery act smart grid programs. Abstract the concept of using phasors to describe power system operating quantities dates back to 1893 and charles proteus steinmetzs paper on mathematical techniques for analyzing ac networks1. Phasor measurement units and phasor data concentrators are significant components of synchrophasor communication and are explained. A synchrophasor is a phasor that is time stamped to an extremely precise and accurate time reference. Smart grid data management solution enables utility. Demonstrating cyberphysical attacks and defense for. Definition, measurement, and application synchrophasor standard focuses on steadystate signals, that is, signals wherein the frequency of the waveform is constant over the period of measurement. Time synchronization in the electric power system naspi. Synchrophasors introduce the concept of timesynchronized measurements, utilizing the precise time signal from gps global positioning system satellites.
Phasor measurement data is currently used by the iso on both a realtime basis and a postmortem basis to understand the cause of system disturbances. Application of phasor measurement units for disturbance. Smart grid project policy no ip1 iso uses synchrophasor data for grid operations, control and modeling version no 3. With this measurement we can determine the absolute phase relationship between phase quantities at different locations on the power system. To learn more about intel in the energy industry and synchrophasor solutions. Pmu measurements record grid conditions with great accuracy and offer insight into grid stability or stress. The synchrophasor measurement test suite specification tss provides a comprehensive, dependable plan that any manufacturer can use globally in the design stage to test their phasor measurement unit pmu products for eventual certification of ieee c37.
Synchrophasor standards and guides for the smart grid. Endtoend smart grid synchrophasor data management solution. Smart grid data management solution enables utility companies. Synchrophasor applications for electric transmission systems are one of the most critical smart grid technologies. Synchrophasors and the smarter grid ieee pes boston. Pmus and synchrophasor data flows in north america as of october 2014 pdf 219kb. Synchrophasors or phasor measurement units, pmus on the other hand, provide a much better insight into the state of the smart grid and in turn help optimize grid efficiency and stability. Synchrophasor applications in smart electric grid the adoption of. Synchrophasors are timesynchronized electrical measurements that represent both the magnitude and phase angle of the electrical sinusoids. Model based intrusion detection system for synchrophasor applications in smart grid khan, r. Implementation and performance of synchrophasor function.
Threat analysis of blackenergy malware for synchrophasor. Currently, phasor measurement units pmu and phasor data concentrator pdc devices are mainly considered in high voltage power transmission. A smart grid is an electricity network that can intelli gently integrate the actions of all users connected to it generators, consumers and those that do bothin order. Time synchronization is usually provided by gps and allows synchronized realtime measurements of multiple remote points. Apr 01, 2010 move over, smart meter and make room for the synchrophasor. Pmu synchrophasor estimation and data encapsulation, communication network delay, pdc data frame time. It might sound like a device out of a star trek movie, but a synchrophasor is actually a metal box about the size of a mailbox that sits in an electricity substation the junction point for transmission lines. Twelve of the sgig and sgdp projects are deploying synchrophasor technologies and systems to strengthen the reliability and efficiency of transmission system operations. Smart grid system repor t 2018 page 2 message from the assistant secretary i am pleased to present the 201 8 smart grid system report, which is intended to provide a status of smart grid deployments nationwide, resulting benefits, and the challenges yet remaining as we move forward with the modernization of the electric grid. Integrating synchrophasor technology into power system protection applications. Indian power grid has evolved into a huge complex infrastructure.
With the 2009 funding of synchrophasor projects under the american reinvestment and recovery act, the north american electric industry added over 800 new phasor measurement units and numerous synchrophasor data communications networks into the power grid. Smart grid topic 2 smart grid department of electrical. In proceedings of the 18th doctoral symposium of the 18th international middleware conference pp. Synchrophasors are measured by fast timestamped devices called phasor measurement units pmus to constitute the basis of realtime monitoring and control actions in the electric grid. Recovery act smart grid investments have supported the installation of over. Any cyber attack on synchrophasor based systems can lead to extreme consequences. Pdf synchrophasor technology for cyber security in smart grid. Pdf smart grid is controlled by an authority personnel who uses lan or the internet to control it. Synchrophasor technologies and their deployment in the.
Pmu overview of function a phasor measurement unit pmu measures the phasor values of current and voltage. Time synchronization is usually provided by gps and allows synchronized realtime measurements of multiple remote points on the grid. Application of phasor measurement unit in smart grid 1chandarani sutar, 2dr. These programs provided grants to the electric utility industry to deploy smart grid technologies to modernize the nations electric grid. Request pdf synchrophasor standards and guides for the smart grid synchrophasor measurement has evolved from a concept in the 1980s to a significant enabler of transmission and grid integration. Therefore, pmus and synchrophasor data provide grid operators. A synchrophasor is a sophisticated monitoring device that can measure the instantaneous voltage, current and frequency at specific locations on the grid. Smart grid roadmap ideas describing what makes a grid smart autobalancing, selfmonitoring power grid that accepts any source of fuel l coal, sun, wind and transforms it into a consumers end use heat, light, warm water with minimal human intervention. Synchrophasor applications smart grid wiley online library. T there is an angle that is shown as o and assuming a steady state sinusoidal i. About naspi north american synchrophasor initiative. It might sound like a device out of a star trek movie, but a synchrophasor is actually a metal box about the size of a mailbox this kind that sits in an electricity substation the junction point for transmission lines. Danforth abstractthe dynamical behavior of power systems under stress frequently deviates from the predictions of deterministic models.
Synchrophasor measurements ieee smart grid power system dynamics webinar power system estimation cyber security kalman filter slides power system modeling data quality robust estimation and identification. This report offers an overview of the technical interoperability standards applicable to synchrophasor technology and substation automation, with a principal focus on iec 61850, the substation automation standard. The electric grid faces a host of new challenges to the engineering, operation and planning of the system, including increased customer demands, the integration of. Smart grid generally refers to a class of technologies that people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computerbased remote control and automation. Department of energy doe, office of electricity delivery and energy reliability oe, is implementing the smart grid investment grant sgig and smart grid demonstration programs sgdp under the american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 recovery act.
The time strobes are shown as utc time reference 1 and utc time reference 2. The use of advanced technologies has made it possible to transform the power grid to an intelligent smart grid with real time control and monitoring of the system. The process of making a national grid is also underway. A synchrophasor is a phasor measurement with respect to an absolute time reference. A system that will allow society to optimize the use of renewable energy. Phasor measurement unit pmu general protection siemens. Move over, smart meter and make room for the synchrophasor. The smart grid center is an interdisciplinary university environment organized to modernize how electricity is delivered from suppliers to consumers and to enable new electricity products, services, and markets.
Jun 12, 2014 synchrophasor applications for electric transmission systems are one of the most critical smart grid technologies. In the real world, the power system seldom operates at exactly the nominal frequency. In principle, any function could request measurements from any n ode, though in practice most functions require data from only a few. The iso will use phasor visualization and monitoring system as the main application for display of the synchrophasor data and for detecting disturbance events. The mission of the north american synchrophasor initiative naspi is to improve power system reliability and visibility through wide area measurement and control, by fostering the use and capabilities of synchrophasor technology. Any protection, control, or monitoring function can access measurements from several nodes, either by subscribing to continuous streams of data, or requesting snapshots as needed. Ieee transactions on smart grid 1 predicting critical transitions from time series synchrophasor data eduardo cotillasanchez, member, ieee, paul d. This gives operators a nearrealtime picture of what is happening on the system, and allows them to. In particular, two foundational smart grid technologies are examined.
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